The Galapagos Penguin is endemic to the Galapagos Islands. It is the only penguin that lives north of the equator in the wild and it is the second smallest species of penguin. It can survive due to the cool temperatures resulting from the Humboldt Current and cool waters from great depths brought up by the Cromwell Current. It occurs primarily on Fernandina Island and the west coast of Isabella Island. The population of about 1500 individuals (in 2004) is considered endangered, making it the rarest penguin species.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galapagos_Penguin